Global economic and energy demand growth will be concentrated in developing economies, so there is much potential for the role of renewable energies in emerging markets to expand over the next two decades. Although conventional forms of energy will still dominate the energy mix, the expansion of power-generating capacity in emerging markets will at least partly be supplied by growth in wind, solar, bio and hydropower.
The BRIC – Brazil, Russia, India and China - countries and other emerging markets are facing the twin challenges of promoting economic growth while mitigating the environmental impact of their growth strategies.
While there is criticism that countries such as India and China have balked from making more firm commitments to cutting their GHG emissions, both these countries nevertheless have prioritized renewable energy development as part of their strategy to reduce the carbon intensity of their respective economies per unit of GDP.
Therefore, developing economies led by the BRIC countries are playing an increasingly crucial role, not just in the global economic order, but also in the climate change debate and in the dynamics of global energy supply and demand.
Key findings
China will be one of the major markets for wind power over the next two decades. China's National Energy Administration stated that the country aims to more than double its wind power capacity to 30GW by 2020. China will reportedly invest at least $150bn to achieve the 30GW target by 2010.
By 2030, non-OECD economies will account for 59% of global energy consumption, a marked increase from 49.8% in 2006. Also by 2030, non-OECD economies will be emitting 25.8bn mt of carbon dioxide, or 64% of total emissions.
Brazil has huge potential for renewable energy through the burning of bagasse – a waste product from sugarcane production - to generate onsite heat and power. In
2009, it is estimated that 8,892MW of power will be produced by sugar cane with 3,600MW available to the market.
Incentive schemes will be crucial for the development of renewable energy sector over the next two decades. The report includes a detailed look at the many policies being promoted by the emerging economies, with a special emphasis on India.
Renewable energy policies differ greatly among the smaller emerging economies, ranging from the promotion of solar power in the Czech Republic to the concentration on geothermal power by the government of Indonesia.
Use this report to.
• Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of the renewable energy sector in the major emerging economies.
• Realize up-to-date competitive intelligence through an extensive review of the different forms of renewable energy and the different rates of development depending on the country.
• Assess the policy goals of the emerging economies regarding renewable energy and how these are driving capacity expansion.
• Identify which forms of renewable energy and which markets have the greatest growth potential for renewable energy.
• Identify the main drivers and resistors to growth for all the main renewable energy sources in each of the major emerging economies.
Explore issues including.
Environmental requirements: - By 2006, non-OECD economies had exceeded the OECD in energy related carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, BRIC countries, especially China and India, will play a major role in emissions growth over the next two decades by virtue of the fact that in each case economic growth and energy demand expansion will be robust. On the back of this, emerging economies are coming under increasing international pressure to cut emissions and invest in renewable sources.
Legislative issues: - As China has become a leading emitter of GHGs, its government has also decided to facilitate the growth of cleaner renewable energy sources to help fuel the country's economic expansion. This has resulted in the country pledging to install almost 350GW of renewable capacity by 2030. Faced by similar problems, many of the leading emerging economies are also adopting comprehensive national policies to promote renewable energy.
Government support for renewable energy: - The cost of renewable energy remains above that for fossil-fuelled generation technologies. Therefore the sector has required substantial government support in the emerging economies in order to stimulate development. This includes the implementation of generous fixed tariffs for electricity generated and other support schemes such as tax incentives.
Future growth: - Rapid economic and energy consumption growth in non-OECD countries will need to be fed by expanded power generation. Meanwhile, a shift in an overall policy towards environmental issues is occurring at the same time. Together these two issues will combine to drive substantial renewable energy investment in the developing world up to 2030.
Discover.
• What are the drivers shaping and influencing the renewable energy sector in the emerging economies?
• Which countries have the greatest potential for renewable energy?
• What types of renewable energy have the greatest potential for growth in the emerging economies?
• How is economic growth and increasing power consumption shaping renewable energy policies at a national level?
• How are governments reacting to international pressure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and what has been the impact of events such as the Copenhagen Conference?
• Who are the main companies benefiting from the surge in investment in renewable energy in the emerging world?
Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Green Energy in Emerging Economies
Executive summary 12
Market outlook 12
China 13
India 14
Brazil 15
Russia 16
Other countries 17
Future outlook 18
Chapter 1 Market outlook 22
Overview of the electricity sector 22
Overview of renewable energy 26
Wind power 29
Solar power 30
Biopower 31
Hydropower 32
Geothermal 33
Chapter 2 China 36
Summary 36
Introduction 37
China's current energy picture 37
China's energy policy framework 39
Wind power 42
Key players 44
Case study – China High Speed Transmission (CHST) 45
Drivers of wind power 46
Resistors of wind power 47
Solar power 47
Key players 49
Drivers of solar power 50
Resistors of solar power 51
Biopower 51
Key players 53
Drivers of biopower 54
All in all, punishment hardens and renders people more insensible; it concentrates; it increases the feeling of estrangement; it strengthens the power of resistance.
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
Resistors of biopower 54
Hydropower 54
Small hydropower 55
Large hydropower 55
Key players 56
Drivers of hydropower 56
Resistors of hydropower 57
Geothermal 57
Conclusions 57
Chapter 3 India 60
Overview 61
India's energy demand growth and the climate change challenge 61
India's energy policies 63
India's energy supply mix 64
Wind power 66
Key players 68
Case study – new incentives 69
Drivers of wind power 70
Resistors of wind power 71
Solar power 71
Key players 74
Drivers of solar power 75
Resistors of solar power 75
Biopower 76
Key players 77
Drivers to biopower 78
Resistors to biopower 78
Geothermal 78
Hydropower 79
Small hydropower 81
Key players 81
Drivers of small hydropower 81
Resistors of small hydropower 82
Large hydropower 82
Key players 84
Drivers of hydropower 85
Resistors of hydropower 85
Conclusions 86
Chapter 4 Brazil 88
Overview 89
Wind power 93
Key players 96
Drivers of wind power 97
Resistors of wind power 97
Solar power 97
Drivers of solar power 98
Resistors of solar power 99
Biopower 99
Case study – sugar cane bagasse 100
Key players 101
Drivers of biopower 102
Resistors of biopower 102
Hydropower 103
Small hydropower 103
Key players 104
Drivers of hydropower 104
Resistors of hydropower 105
Geothermal 105
Conclusions 105
Chapter 5 Russia 108
Overview 108
Russia, climate change and energy policy 110
Russia's energy mix and potential for renewables 111
Wind power 113
Key players 114
The importance of a lost romantic vision should not be underestimated. In such a vision is power as well as joy. In it is meaning. Life is flat, barren, zestless, if one can find one’s lost vision nowhere.
—Sarah Patton Boyle, U. S. civil rights activist and author. The Desegregated Heart, part 1, ch. 19 (1962)
Drivers of wind power 115
Resistors of wind power 115
Solar power 116
Case study – solar industry growth in 2009 116
Drivers of solar power 118
Resistors of solar power 118
Biopower 118
Drivers of biopower 119
Resistors of biopower 119
Hydropower 119
Key players 121
Drivers of hydropower 122
Resistors of hydropower 122
Geothermal 122
Conclusions 123
Chapter 6 Other countries 126
Turkey 127
Introduction 127
Wind power 131
Solar power 132
Biopower 132
Hydropower 132
Geothermal 133
Indonesia 133
Wind power 136
Solar power 136
Biopower 137
Hydropower 137
Geothermal 138
Poland 139
Wind power 140
Solar power 141
Biopower 141
Hydropower 142
Geothermal 142
Czech Republic 142
Wind power 144
Solar power 144
Case study – Czech solar industry growth 144
Biopower 146
Hydropower 146
Geothermal power 147
Hungary 147
Wind power 148
Solar power 149
Biopower 149
Hydropower 149
Geothermal 150
South Africa 150
Chapter 7 Future outlook 154
Outlook for energy consumption and power generation 155
CO2 emissions 159
Wind power 160
Solar power 162
Biopower 163
Hydropower 164
Geothermal 166
Conclusions 166
Glossary 168
Index 171
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Minal H
SEO vinod.minal@gmail.com http://www.com.